Central Siberian Botanical Garden Research Articles

Heritage of A.P. Khokhryakov in the digital herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS

The article is dedicated to the memory of A.P. Khokhrjakov, a famous Soviet and Russian botanist, who was tirelessly passionate about collecting scientific herbarium throughout his life. The contribution of A.P. Khokhryakov to the study of biodiversity is shown by the example of the genus Salix L. (Salicaceae) specimens in the Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS. Collectors of S. magadanensis Nedol. type specimens are clarified.

Introduction and breeding of shadbush in Russia and abroad

Shadbush is one of the underutilized berry crops. Originally, it was an ornamental crop, but now it is increasingly used as a food crop. Numerous species of shadbush belong to the genus Amelanchier Medik.; wild species grow in North America, Europe, as well as in Western and Eastern Asia, and each region has different species composition. The year of 1590 marked the beginning of introduction of wild shadbush species with the most valuable features to other countries. In the 19th century, the introduction of shadbush became most popular. In 1800, shadbush breeding was launched in Canada, and then in the USA. In 1937, the production of commercial varieties was established. At present, in Russia, the most productive work on introduction and breeding of shadbush is carried out in Michurinsk (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture named after I.V. Michurin), Novosibirsk (Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS), and Moscow (N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden). Unfortunately, the assortment of shadbush varieties in Russia is still quite limited and is represented by only two varieties. In recent years, the development of methods of shadbush clonal micropropagation has been underway, which makes it possible to obtain planting material on an industrial scale and accelerate the reproduction of rare varieties.

FORMATION OF THE RANGES OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI: RESULTS OF THE CENTENNIAL NATURALIZATION

Currently, 10-15% of invasive plant species are recorded in alien floras of all inhabited regions of the world, and their proportion is constantly growing. A particular problem is naturalization of alien species in the regions with high levels of endemism and species diversity, such as the Republic of Altai. We have been studying the alien flora of the Republic of Altai since the beginning of the 21st century. The ranges of 67 invasive species belonging to 57 genera and 20 families have been identified. Most of the species have been known on the territory of the Republic of Altai since the 20th century, 10 species have penetrated here in the 21st century. The main method of penetration (vector) is accidental introduction. In all areas, at least singly, there are 5 species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Bunias orientalis, Matricaria discoidea, Melilotus officinalis, Tripleurospermum inodorum . The orographic and climatic features of the area predetermine a greater susceptibility to invasions for the northern regions and a lesser one for the southeastern regions. Eighteen species are distributed only in the northern regions. Almost all species are found in Gorno-Altaisk and Mayma district, the least number of species - in Kosh-Agach district, which is characterized by the most severe climatic conditions. Thirty five species are invasive in Siberia, 11 species are among the hundred most aggressive species in Russia. Based on our own long-term research, taking into account the analysis of available publications and stock materials (Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Gorno-Altai State University), as well as other available data (iNaturalist, GBIF), maps of the ranges of invasive plants of the Republic of Altai were compiled. For each species, all known localities are given, indicating administrative regions, settlements, river valleys, etc., the time of discovery is noted, and links to the source are indicated.

Specialized objects of landscape architecture of the city of Novosibirsk

Today, a modern large city can only be imagined with specialised landscape objects. They belong to the group of public facilities, the functional feature of which is formed, as a rule, under the pressure of the city’s cultural, social and historical environment. The presence of such facilities provides a wide range of recreational activities and contributes to the multifaceted development of the personality of visitors. The article presents a methodology developed by the authors for assessing the attractiveness and integration into the urban gardening system of specialised objects of landscape architecture in Novosibirsk. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the popularity of an entity among the population, its accessibility, its performance of the prevailing function, the possibility of social integration of people with disabilities, and the organisation of the landscape on the territory. Five specialised objects of various functional orientations were identified in the structure of Novosibirsk. Among them, parks of communication with nature and protect flora and fauna prevail in number (Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Dendrological Park, Novosibirsk Zoo named after R.A. Shilo). These objects are also the most popular among the residents of the city. The main factor in attracting visitors to such sites is the cognitive function. The historical and architectural open-air museum needs to be better integrated into the system of urban landscaping due to poor awareness of citizens about this object, the lack of developed transport and pedestrian communications and unhindered access for all categories of citizens. The dendrological park needs a reconstruction of the landscape organisation and functional zoning of the territory; for this object, the problem of popularization among the city’s residents is also relevant in the course of the analysis of specialized landscape objects of Novosibirsk, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, the Central Park, the Novosibirsk Zoo named after N.N. R.A. Awl. However, none of them fully meets all the necessary criteria. Reconstruction of varying degrees is required for each facility, considering social trends and modern processes.

Встречи крупных хищных птиц в Новосибирской области, Россия

All of the region's raptors are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region and are rare and protected, and thus their sightings by bird watchers are of interest to the professional community of ornithologists. We have summarized our sightings in of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) in Novosibirsk Region in recent years, and we present them below. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was sighted 04/11/2019 near Elbashi in Iskitimsky District and 9/01/2022 above garden cottages, 3 km southeast of Novosibirsk-Akademgorodok. Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) was sighted in the Karasuk District on 30/04/2017 near the Krotovo Lake and in Toguchinsky District (2 km north of the village of Gorny) on 25/07/2021. Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila [Clanga] clanga): In Zdvinsky District, observations occurred 07–10/05/2021, 18–21/06/2021, 29/08–04/09/2021, 10–13/05/2022, 10–15/08/2022, 05–08/09/2022, 10–13/05/2023, and 27/08–01/09/2023. Over these time intervals, Greater Spotted Eagles were sighted in every instance excepfor May 2021 and May 2022. On a 7-km long section, bounded by the Zolotye Rossypi watercourse and the adjacent swampy area on one side and by Chulymenok River near Chanovsky Research Station (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), 7–12 Greater Spotted Eagle sightings occurred on 28–30/08/2023 and 01/09/2023. In May 2023, the maximum number of Greater Spotted Eagle was recorded along the road between Chulym and Shirokaya Kurya – four birds per 8 km. On 31/08/2023, a light morph (fulvescens) Greater Spotted Eagle was encountered near the scientific station. On 03/09/2021, a Greater Spotted Eagle killed by a power line was found near the Chulym–Shirokaya Kurya road. On 29/05/2023, a Greater Spotted Eagle was sighted sitting on the traverse support of a bird-hazardous power line near a currentcarrying wire near Zdvinsk-Chulym Road. In the Karasuk District, a Greater Spotted Eagle has been repeatedly observed near Krotovo Lake, Astrodym Lake, and Bolshaya Zamaranka between May and September in different years (observations have been conducted sporadically since the autumn 2014 at the Karasuk Research Station of the Institute of Economics and Life Sciences of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The earliest sightings occurred on 02/05/2021 and 02/05/2022, and the latest occurred on 25/09/2014. In summer it was recorded on 27/06/2021 and 02/07/2021. On 24/09/2014, a light morph (fulvescens) Greater Spotted Eagle was recorded (Karyakin et al., 2014) near Lake Krotovo. Greater Spotted Eagle have been observed near Rasskazovo (09/04/2018), near lakes Kundraki (12/09/2020), Titovo (22/08/2021), Kruglenkoye (26/08/2021), Stelkyannoye (27/08/2021), Karasuk (near Novokarasuk village, 07/09/2021), and Studenoye (04/09/2022). A Greater Spotted Eagle was sighted in Bagan District near Matveychikovo Lake (08/21/2021), near the uninhabited village of Chulakovo (28/08/2021), and near Osinniki 18/08/2022. On 01/09/2021, three sightings were documented in Barabinsky District: near Ust-Tandovka, near Kozhevnikovo and near Lake Domashneye. A Greater Spotted Eagle was sighted in Iskitimsky District on 07/19/2020 near Dubinsky. A Greater Spotted Eagle was encountered in Novosibirsk Oblast on 03/04/2020 above Klyuchi-1 Non-commercial Gardening Partnership. A Greater Spotted Eagle was seen in Novosibirsk-Akademgorodok and the Central Siberian Botanical Garden on 09/04/2011, 22/09/2012, and 14/04/2013. Based on our observations in Novosibirsk Oblast, the Greater Spotted Eagle is the most common eagle species. The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) has been observed nesting since 2008 on a spit between the Ob River and a lock channel at Novosibirskaya HPP (Andreenkov et al., 2009). Eagle sightings occur yearround above Novosibirsk-Akademgorodok, Central Siberian Botanical Garden, across Novosibirsk Region south and southeast of Akademgorodok, over the Ob River below the HPP on the outskirts of Novosibirsk and in Iskitimsky District. A sighting occurred on 27/02/2021 near Shipunovo in Suzunsky District, 97 km from the HPP reservoir, presumably the nearest unfrozen water (the bird fed on the remains of the animal). In addition, a White-Tailed Eagle was encountered near Verkh-Koen (28 km from the Ob Reservoir) on 18/10/2020 and on 11/03/2023 near Mikhailovka in Iskitimsky District (40 km from the HPP). In the Zdvinsky District, there is a White-Tailed Eagle nest in a forest belt within a rook colony near Chanovsky Hospital. According to hospital employees, it has existed for over 30 years, but in August 2022 the nesting tree fell. On 08/05/2021, a disturbance of a pair of eagles near the nest was noted. On 19/06/2021, a nestling was sighted in the nest and one young female flew nearby. On 11/05/2022, unsettled adult birds were also observed near the nest. Also, according to hospital staff, there was another nest in its vicinity that fell in summer of 2023. They also reported a new nest, which appeared in the vicinity of the hospital in May 2023 (both of the latter were in hard-to-reach forest stands). Another nest was found near Zdvinsk-Chulym Road with sightings of an adult bird departing the nest on 10/05/2021, 13/05/2022, and 11/05/2023; an inspection on 21/06/2021 did not spot the eagle. During counts on 28–30 August 2023 and 01/09/2023, up to four White-Tailed Eagles were noted on 19/09/2016 at the site described earlier near Chanovsky Research Station. In Karasuksky District two White-Tailed Eagles were observed on 19/09/2016 near Krotovo Lake, and one bird was noted on 20/08/2021 near Zhuravlinka Wetland (near Rasskazovo). An occupied nest was observed in Yuzhny Nature Refuge on 08/05/2023 (discovered 09/08/2010 by A. Bazdyrev, pers. comm.). On the same day, the eagle was encountered near Zimnoye Lake (possibly from the same pair). On 15/08/2023, a White-Tailed Eagle was sighted near Karasuk Lake. In Bagansky District, an eagle was encountered on 31/08/2022 near the uninhabited village of Chulakovo. In the Ordynsky District, a White-Tailed Eagle was sighted on 29/04/2017 near Vagaitsevo and on 17/07/2021 near Novy Sharap. An Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) has only been sighted on its fall migration: above the Koen River not far from Morozovo on 22/09/2019 and twice 1.5 hours apart on 17/09/2022, 3 km from Burmistrovo over the Miltyush River.

Морфобиохимические особенности интродуцированных видов Hemerocallis в лесостепи Новосибирской области

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the morphobiochemical features of five species of the genus Hemerocallis were studied: H. lilio-asphodelus – Yellow Daylily, H. minor – L. Malyi, H. middendorffii – L. Middendorf, H. citrina – L. lemon yellow, H. fulva – L. brown-yellow. The paper presents comparative data for 2020-2021. The rhythm of growth and development of spring-early summer flowering species is presented: H. lilio-asphodelus, H. minor, H. middendorffii, H. citrina and summer flowering species H. fulva. Individual morphometric parameters of the height of the generative shoot, the size of the flower, their number in the inflorescence and the number of formed generative shoots over two growing periods are described. Comparative results on the content of ash, ascorbic acid, tannins in leaves, flowers and rhizomes of five species are analyzed. In flowers, the greatest accumulation of ash substances was observed in H. middendorfii (8.3–9.4 %), ascorbic acid in H. citrina (18.1–19.7 mg%). The concentration of ascorbic acid in the leaves of plants of the studied species was high and varied from 15.2 to 17.9 mg%. The ash content in the leaves ranged from 7.1 to 10.4 %, with the highest content in H. lilioasphodelus and H. middendorfii. It was found that the concentration of tannins in the leaves of all species was higher in 2021: 1.1 times in H. lilio-asphodelus; 1.3 times in H. fulva; 1.5 times in H. citrine; 2.1 times in H. minor. In H. middendorfii this indicator was relatively stable (2.3– 2.4 %).The species specificity of morphobiochemical features of introduced species in the south of the Novosibirsk region with aligned and stable adaptive potential is noted, which makes it possible to use them in the landscaping of this region.

Inheritance of ornamental traits in bird cherry families with the cultivar ‘Nezhnost’ in their pedigree

Background. Bird cherry plants are highly ornamental; they are diverse in shape, size and color of leaves and flowers, flowering and fruiting schedules. At present, they are widely used for landscaping parks and public gardens. In Russia there is a need to release new highly ornamental and winter-hardy cultivars using the genetic potential of both known and newly developed genotypes.Materials and methods. In our experiment we used a pink-flowered sample found by R. A. Mastinskaya in the vicinity of Novosibirsk and transferred to Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, where it was studied and released as a cultivar named ‘Nezhnost’. One of its seedlings from free pollination became known as No. 11-5-37. Crosses included cvs. ‘Colorata’ (source of the spring red leaf trait), ‘Purpurnaya Svecha’ (summer/autumn red leaf), ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ (number of flowers, and brush length), accessions Nos. 1-1-8 and 11-1-8 from the Central Siberian Botanical Garden’s collection (diameter of flowers and inflorescences), and selected forms “Tereshkovoy 38” and “Tereshkovoy 48/2” planted in Akademgorodok (brush length, number of flowers, and flower diameter).Results. Unlike European genotypes, these cultivars and hybrids are adapted to the conditions of Siberia. Over a long observation period, freezing was not observed on plants even in the most severe winters. Our data indicate a manifold composition of the gene complexes controlling the manifestation of both the pink flower trait and spring red leaves.Conclusion. A possibility of obtaining pink-flowered seedlings in a number of cross combinations and peculiarities of the inheritance of traits in them are shown. Five hybrids were identified for combining valuable traits; they are promising for ornamental and breeding uses. Some of them have already been developed into new ornamental cultivars. 

Оценка содержания биологически активных веществ и химических элементов в листьях хостиириса гибридного в зеленых насаждениях Новосибирской области

The article for the first time presents the comparative results of the content of ash substances, sulfur, phenolic compounds (tannins), ascorbic acid in the leaves of plants Iris hybrida, Hosta decorata, H. albomarginata, H. lancifolia, cultivated in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (CSBS, Akademgorodok) and used in landscaping the urban environment of the Berdsk and Koltsovo settlements (Novosibirsk region) during the seasonal development in 2020. The specificity of distribution of sulfur, ash, tannins, ascorbic acid in leaves of the studied species was revealed. The quantitative content of the presented groups of substances in the leaves during the flowering period of these objects of study has been determined. Under the conditions of urban environment, an increase in the content of ash substances in the leaves of I. hybrida by 2,5–3,6 times and H. albomarginata, H. lancifolia, and H. decorata by 1,4–1,7 times was found. The general tendency of the accumulation of sulfur and ash in leaves of the species of the genus Hosta, with the greatest value in H. albomarginata growing in green areas of Berdsk was noted. Under the same conditions, the concentration of sulfur in the leaves of I. hybrida increased 1,3 fold compared with Hosta decorata. The content of ascorbic acid and tannins in the leaves of H. albomarginata, H. lancifolia, H. decorata, I. hybrida is 1,1–2,4 times lower in the urban environment of Berdsk and Koltsovo than in plants grown in conditions with a favorable environmental situation (CSBS). In terms of biochemical, habitual, and rhythmological evaluation of the indicators, the species present a comparative series in descending values: H. lancifolia > H. albomarginata > H. decorata > I. hybrida.

LEVEL OF ACCUMULATION OF ASCORBIC ACID, TANNINS AND ASH CONTENT IN HOSTA LEAVES UNDER URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT

In the work carried out a complex of different methods of leaves diagnostics of ornamental perennials of the genus Hosta Tratt., cultivated in conditions of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden and urban environment of Berdsk and Koltsovo (Novosibirsk region). The cumulative analysis of the biochemical parameters in the studied plants indicates the mutual dependence of these parameters, which in general provides the possibility of their use in landscaping of cities of Novosibirsk region. It was found that the content of ascorbic acid and tannins in the leaves of plants in the urban environment is lower, especially in the city of Berdsk, by 1.1–2.4 times relative to the control, and the level of ash content in the leaves of H. albomarginata, H. lancifolia, H. decorata is 1.4–1.7 times higher than in control samples. The revealed rearrangements in the leaf apparatus of the host allow us to consider them as adaptive and protective reactions aimed at their survival and decorative qualities in the environment.

Assessment of cold resistance in <i>Momordica charantia</i> l. accessions according to pollen germination at low temperatures <i>in vitro</i>

Background. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a vegetable and medicinal crop new for Russia. Its high heat demand is the main factor limiting the possibilities of its cultivation in a temperate continental climate. Evaluation and selection of more cold-resistant accessions is required for breeding new cultivars and expanding production. Previously obtained data attest to a possibility of assessing cold hardiness in the mature male gametophyte phase in vitro.Materials and methods. Eight bitter melon accessions, including parent forms, F  hybrids and cv. ‘Gosha’, were grown in the unheated film greenhouse of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk (54°49’ N, 83°06’ E) for evaluation and selection for cold resistance. The ratio of pollen germination in vitro on a 15% polyethylene glycol solution with a molecular weight of 6000 (PEG 6000) with the addition of boric acid (0.006%) at a temperature of 10°C for 24 h to the same indicator at 25°C / 3 h (in %) was used as a criterion of cold resistance.Results. The cultivar ‘Gosha’, the accession Okinawa green from Japan, and the F1 hybrid (Feng Guang × Okinawa green) had the highest cold resistance, with the values of 59.7; 53.8 and 48.2%, respectively. The inheritance of cold resistance in F , assessed by the pollen germination index, depending on the crossing combination, changed from intermediate in two hybrids [F1 Feng Guang × Gosha) and F1 Feng Guang × Okinawa green)] to overdominant (positive heterosis) in the hybrid F1 (Feng Guang × Okinawa white).

Ранжирование сортов лилейника гибридного коллекции ЦСБС СО РАН и перспективы рационального использования

Abstract. Hemerocallis hybrida hort. is a decorative perennial short–rooted polycarpic of the red-leaf family (Hemerocallidaceae R. Br.), genus (Hemerocallis L.). Daylily (krasodnev) is widely known as a summer-flowering, sustainable crop, which is still insufficiently used in the green construction of the Novosibirsk region. This is due to the lack of recommended assortment from different garden groups adapted to the sharply continental climate of Western Siberia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the varieties of hybrid daylily from the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden according to the complex of decorative and economic features for rational use in the floriculture of Siberia. Methods. In accordance with the methodology of V. N. Bylov et al. the introduced varieties were evaluated for decorative features (plant height, inflorescences, bush habitus, flower color and size, number of flowers in the inflorescence, aroma) and economic and biological properties (timing and duration of flowering; number of vegetative and generative shoots, resistance to weather factors, diseases and pests). Results. As a result of morphobiological analysis of 90 varieties of hybrid daylily, varieties from different garden groups were identified that have a score of 63–99 points for decorative qualities (Angel of Light, Christopher Columbus, Pandora, s Box, White Cream, Strawbary Candy, Primel Seream, Red of Roses, Lady Hesketh, etc.). According to the economic and biological properties of the variety estimated at 27–48 points. As a result of a comprehensive 150-point assessment, 52 varieties were identified as very promising (more than 120 points), 30 varieties are promising (106–120 points), 8 unpromising varieties (less than 105 points), these are Lemon Bells, Goi, Revolute, Awaited Hourse, Highland Lord, Close Childe, Apricot, Solid Scarlet. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a ranking of 90 varieties of hybrid daylily introduced into the conditions of the forest-steppe zone was carried out and a sorting was recommended for different types of plantings (mono- and mixed groups, mixborders, rabatki, borders, tapeworms, containers).

ECONOMIC AND INTRODUCTION ASSESSMENT OF VARIETIES AND FORMS OF BIRD CHERRY PADUS MILL. IN THE ALTAI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ecological and biological features of 32 varieties and forms of bird cherry have been studied in the Altai Botanical Garden. It was found that modern forms and varieties of cherry surpass our wild forms in yield, size and taste, decorative. The assessment by the complex of economic, biological and decorative features showed the full possibility of cultivation in Eastern Kazakhstan. Following varieties and forms are recommended for introduction, collective gardens and landscaping: Augustine, Valencia, Pomegranate bunch, Memory of Salamatov, Moor, Late joy, Purple candle, Self-fertile, 14-1-51, 14-2-34, 13-8-60, 14-1-62, 13-14-1, 14-3-31, 54-1-34. Тhe study of the intraspecific variability of the common bird cherry (carpal) in nature has begun, 4 forms have been identified. The purpose of the research was to identify highly decorative and edible forms and varieties of bird cherry, well adapted to local conditions, introduced from the Central Siberian Botanical Garden in Novosibirsk. Selection of forms in nature.

Specific shoot formation in Miscanthus saccharif lorus (Poaceae) under different environmental factors and DNA passportization using ISSR markers.

The generic complex Miscanthus Anderss. (Poaceae) is a unique example among herbaceous plants characterized by high values of growth of aboveground vegetative mass and practical use as a valuable source of alternative energy. Miscanthus is one of the most eff icient solar energy accumulators, and since phytomeliorative use implies the cultivation of these resource plants in inconvenient and semi-shady areas, the question about the effect of insuff icient lighting on the productivity of Miscanthus arises. As a result of a long-lasing introduction effort, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS created a population of Miscanthus saccharif lorus (Maxim.) Benth., which has good prospects for growing under the conditions of the forest-steppe area in Western Siberia. The goals of our study were: (1) to determine the peculiarities of shoot formation, (2) to assess the cellulose and lignin accumulation in M. saccharif lorus populations under different lighting conditions and (3) to perform a DNA passportization of the Miscanthus population by ISSR marking. Evaluation of shoot formation and the amount of accumulated cellulose and lignin in plants was carried out under different degrees of illumination: one variant was grown in a sunny area, and the other, in partial shade. As a result of analysis of variance, it was found that the number of shoots does not depend on environmental conditions, but on the age of the plant, while environmental conditions have a signif icant effect on plant height. Although the samples of both M. saccharif lorus variants were characterized by different rates of creation of a continuous projective cover, plants in semi-shaded areas formed up to 89.34 % of shoots compared to their peers in illuminated areas, which did not affect signif icantly the size of the aboveground mass and the cellulose content in it. As a result of ISSR-analysis of genomic DNA in the M. saccharif lorus population, unique molecular polymorphic fragments were identif ied, which can be used for identif ication and DNA passportization at the inter-population level. Thus, the complex use of M. saccharif lorus as a valuable meliorative and bioenergetic culture is due to the high adaptive potential of this species. It was found that the illumination factor has virtually no effect on the amount of the cellulose content in the shoot, and a reduced content of the technologically undesirable lignin was observed in plants growing in the partial shade conditions.

Variations in Essential Oils from South Siberian Conifers of the Pinaceae Family: New Data towards Identification and Quality Control.

Conifer essential oils have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and nowadays they are of special interest for official medicine, aromatherapy and perfumery. In the present work, comprehensive information is given on the composition of essential oils prepared from the twigs of the conifer trees of the pine family (Pinaceae): Abies sibirica Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L. A total of 50 samples of essential oils have been studied. The samples were prepared during vegetation stage in the time period 1998-2012 from the growing wild trees in the South part of the Western Siberia (Russian Federation) and neighboring territories of Republic of Kazakhstan within the area with geographical coordinates LAT 49.180012-57.908583 and LON 83.213217-91.258717 at elevation of 82-2070 m above sea level. All the essential oil samples were obtained from freshly collected plant raw material by steam distillation at atmospheric pressure in stainless steel apparatus, which had been specially designed for field research. All the chromatographic profiles were prepared from authentic samples whose voucher specimens are deposited at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NS). The following information for each sample is provided: (1) date and location of the plant raw material collecting, indicating administrative areas and the exact geographic coordinates; (2) yield of essential oil, (3) chemical composition of the essential oil sample based on GC/MS experiments using full mass-spectra (EI, 70 eV) and linear retention indices of the components, (4) results of GC-FID quantification based on internal standards and response factors, (5) enantiomeric composition of the main components based on GC×GC experiments using the 2nd column with cyclodextrin-based chiral selector, (6) GC profile of the high-boiling fractions indicating the characteristic sesquiterpenoids. Therefore, this study provides reliable information about the variability and true composition of the Siberian conifer oils, and the experimental data given can serve as reference chromatographic profiles of volatile substances to solve the problems of quality, authenticity and safety.

Genotyping NS and NSK herbaria specimens of Hedysarum (Fabaceae) using DNA sequencing

Over 2000 specimens of the genus Hedysarum L., belonging to 48 species and 4 subspecies, were digitised and placed into CSBG SB RAS Digital herbarium whilst making a digital inventory of the herbarium collections of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS, NSK). Totally, 466 nucleotide sequences were determined for 136 voucher specimens using the Sanger sequencing method. DNA sequences were obtained for 25 Hedysarum taxa for the first time.

Новые находки водорослей, грибов, лишайников и мохообразных. 8

First records of silica-scaled chrysophyte alga for the Leningrad Region and North-West of European Russia, fungi for the Pskov and Novosibirsk regions, and the Republic of Tuva, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area and West Siberia, liverworts for the Kurgan Region, mosses for the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, and the Kamchatka Territory from the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided. The specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the Herbarium of M. G. Popov at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden RAS (NSK), or the Herbarium of the Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus (MSK-F).

Woody and semi-woody species in the collection “Rare and endangered plant species of Siberia” (Novosibirsk)

. The article presents the results of the conservation of woody and semi-woody species under introductionconditions in the collection “Rare and endangered plant species of Siberia” of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Novosibirsk). This collection was founded in 1965 years. The analysis of the fund of this collection is carried out. For a longtime (more than 10 years), 22 woody and semi-woody species from 14 families from 8 regions of Siberia are grown in thecollection. Four species are endemic: Sedum populifolium Pallas, Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht., Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.)Schneider and Tilia sibirica Fisher ex Bayer. Most of the species are represented in the collection by small populations. Thisis due to the problems of reproduction of species in the conditions of culture, for many of which methods of vegetative andseed reproduction have not been developed. The traditional method of reproduction used for herbaceous plants – laboratory-greenhouse-soil. This method is often ineffective for woody species due to the long pregenerative period and low biological longevity of seeds. In the introduction, microecological conditions are selected for each species, since they belongto different ecological groups. Among the introduced species there are 13 mesophytes, 8 xerophytes, 1 xeromesophyte. Thearticle presents literary and original information about the methods of reproduction of cultivated species.

Ferns at the digital herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS.

BackgroundAccording to the data in Index Herbariorum as of 1 December 2020, there are 3426 active herbaria in the world, containing 396,204,891 specimens and 124 herbaria in Russia with more than 16,175,000 specimens. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk), founded in 1946, historically has two herbarium collections (NS and NSK). Currently these collections contain about 800,000 herbarium specimens comprising vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi gathered from all over the world. Digitisation of the NSK type specimens of vascular plants began in 2014 by using the special scanner Herbscan. In 2018, we started digitisation of the NS and NSK collections by using ObjectScan 1600.Pteridophytes (ferns, lycophytes and their extinct free-sporing relatives) are a diverse group of plants that today comprises approximately 12,900 species and plays a major role in terrestrial ecosystems. All herbarium specimens of ferns, collected over 170 years between 1851 and 2021 and stored in the NS and NSK collections, were digitised in 2021, placed at the CSBG SB RAS digital Herbarium (http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081) and published through GBIF. Twenty families of Polypodiopsida, but not Equisetaceae, were included in this dataset. Family Ophioglossaceae was digitised and published in GBIF as a separate dataset.New informationBy August 2021, more than 62,600 specimens with good quality images and fully-captured label transcriptions had been placed at CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium. A total of 7,758 records of fern occurrences of 363 taxa in the world with 92% geolocations including 5100 records from Russia with 98.7% geolocations that are new for GBIF.org in 2021 were entered. In the dataset specimens from 43 countries of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia (Oceania), 89% of them from Russia, are presented.

БИОЛОГИЯ ПРОРАСТАНИЯ СЕМЯН НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ ЛУКА (ALLIUM L.)

The possibility of seed reproduction is one of the factors of successful cultivation of resource plants in specific environmental conditions. The aim of the work was to study the germination behavior, quality and longevity of seeds in 15 onions (Allium L.) from the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The research was carried out in 1996–2019. Laboratory germination of seeds was determined according to generally accepted methods. Seeds were tested 3–7 months after harvesting at 17–23 °C in the light. The number of seeds in each Petri dish – 25–50; double replication. In the case of hindered germination, a two-month chilling at 4 °C was applied. In the future, laboratory germination was determined after 3, 5 and 7 years of room storage. We have established that onion seeds have three types of germinating. Seeds of type I – eight species, one variety from the subgenus Rhizirideum – usually lack dormancy. Germination is fast and simultaneous, and average germination percentages are 77.1–92.2 %. Seeds of type II – A. leucocephalum and A. microdictyon from the subgenus Rhizirideum, also A. caeruleum and A. flavum from the subgenus Allium – are characterized by stretched germination period due to the shallow dormancy, and their germination percentages vary from 32.6 % to 81.1 %. Seeds of type III – A. obliquum from the subgenus Rhizirideum and two species of the subgenus Melanocrommyum – do not germinate in room conditions, or germinate with low germination percentages, whereas chilling increases them up to 47.0–67.0 %. The hindered germination of these seeds is due to the deep organic dormancy. The economic longevity of onion seeds is 3–5 years, and the biological longevity varies at interspecific level within 5–8 years. Thus, the species that produce plump and good germinating seeds suitable for long-term storage – A. altaicum, A. bidentatum, A. flavum, A. microdictyon, A. nutans, A. ramosum, A. rubens, A. schoenoprasum, A. senescens, A. senescens var. glaucum, and A. strictum – have the highest reproductive potential in culture.

Karyological studies of Siberian species of the genus Viola L.

The article presents an analysis of chromosome numbers in Siberian species of the genus Viola (40 speciesfrom 12 sections) based on numerous literary sources and original data. In addition, hybrid forms from the collection site“Rare and endangered Plant Species” of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Novosibirsk) were analyzed. Just as theroots of germinated seeds, so the roots of adult plants from an open ground area were studied. Samples of different originswere investigated: Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, Belarus, Korea, Japan, the Caucasus, in some taxa from remote points ofthe area (for example, V. selkirkii). This allowed us to reveal the variability of the chromosome numbers for some species.Chromosomes in species of this genus are small, 0.8–1.2 mkm long. This involves difficulties to count them. The presenceof mixoploids in some sections and the polybasic state of chromosome numbers for a number of species were established.Polymorphic species in the Violidum section are characterized by polyploid races. The variability of chromosome numbersin taxa reflects their ability to hybridize, as well as the processes of speciation. However, the predominance of autogamy formost species of the genus prevents intensive hybridization. Endemic and tertiary relicts are characterized by a stable number of chromosomes and they are tetraploids.